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    object(stdClass)#37 (16) {
      ["id"]=>
      string(3) "379"
      ["categorie"]=>
      string(1) "1"
      ["titlu"]=>
      string(54) "Family Relations in the Light of Romanian Funeral Laws"
      ["id_revista"]=>
      string(2) "38"
      ["rezumat"]=>
      string(1808) "The passing away of loved ones is perhaps the most critical moment in everyone’s life. Such moments can bring families together, but they can also poison the relationships between relatives. Although concord should characterize these relations, not infrequently the reality proves us that the legislator has the ingrate mission to find solutions to resolve conflicts between the relatives of the deceased regarding the organization of the funeral. The issue is all the more complicated as not only secular legislation has its say, but also canon law in the sense that the lack of community of faith is an element that cannot be neglected especially in the case of denominational cemeteries. Analyzing how funerals are regulated we find that each actor – the state, the cults and the territorial administrative units – has a somewhat different vision on family relations, more precisely each one is more or less intrusive in the sphere of the private life. Virtually every regulation with an impact on funerals shows a certain pattern of personal and family relationships, essentially a behavior conditioning that is rewarded with the possibility of benefiting from certain funeral services. Thus, although everyone has the right to a decent funeral, the rules governing funerals form a kaleidoscope which, depending on the actual situation of the deceased, may lead to different results in the sense that the deceased is offered or denied certain options regarding the establishment of the place of burial and the organization of funeral services. Without trying to exhaust this vast topic, the present short study aims to highlight from a legal perspective the impact of the family typology on funerals arrangements starting mainly from the options offered to the deceased by the Romanian legislation."
      ["text"]=>
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      ["keyword"]=>
      string(176) "private law, family relations, secular law, canon law, funeral, burial, cemetery rules and regulations, persons obliged to dispose in relation to the funeral, funeral expenses."
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      string(42) "Law-Review-nr-1-2021--Art--06__Schiopu.pdf"
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          string(21) "Silviu-Dorin ŞCHIOPU"
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          string(53) "Department of Law, Transilvania University of Braşov"
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      string(71) "Criminal Participation in the Form of Complicity in the Offenses of Tax"
      ["id_revista"]=>
      string(2) "38"
      ["rezumat"]=>
      string(1181) "In order to achieve the objective of establishing an internal market for the application in the Member States of legislation necessary for turnover taxes which does not distort conditions of competition or impede the free movement of goods and services, harmonization of laws has been harmonized. on turnover taxes through a value added tax system in order to eliminate factors that may distort the conditions of competition at both national and Community level. Tax exemptions for intra-Community operations have been regulated by Council Directive 2006/112 / EC, finding a correspondent in Romania in the Fiscal Code and the Fiscal Procedure Code. In situations where the provisions on taxation are violated, the legislator adopted Law no. 241/2005 for preventing and combating tax evasion, where in Chapter II, art. 3 - 9 provided for a series of offenses that are supplemented by the general
provisions of the Criminal Code. The present study analyzes the crime of tax evasion provided by art. 9 para. (1) lit. c) of Law no. 241/2005 in the form of complicity as a form of criminal participation when we are in the situation of intra-community operations of supplies of goods."
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      string(91) "perpetrators, complicity, judicial practice, tax evasion, intra-community delivery of goods"
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      ["titlu"]=>
      string(43) "The Legal Regime of Competition in Bulgaria"
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      string(2) "38"
      ["rezumat"]=>
      string(1067) "Bulgarian Competition Law has as aim to protect and foster competition and free enterprise in economic activity. Over the years the law was repeatedly changed by the legislature to meet the requirements of economic life. Bulgarian Competition law provides protection against agreements, decisions and concerted practices, abuse of monopolistic and dominant and all other acts and actions that can lead to the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition in the country and affect trade between member states the European Union as well as unfair competition. The Competition Act in Bulgaria contains the general provisions for ensuring that the manufacturing and the distribution of services within the country’s territory takes place in a manner in which all market participants observe the basic requirements for lawful domestic competition. The Act protects against unjust competition and monopolistic activities and sets forth the conditions for the existence of the Commission for the Protection of Competition, an autonomous institution in the country."
      ["text"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["keyword"]=>
      string(112) "Competition, Protection of Competition Act, Comision for the Protection of Competition, Bulgaria, European Union"
      ["bibliografie"]=>
      string(0) ""
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      string(0) ""
      ["pdf_integral"]=>
      string(41) "Law-Review-nr-1-2021--Art--04__Maican.pdf"
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          string(19) "Ovidiu-Horia Maican"
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    object(stdClass)#40 (16) {
      ["id"]=>
      string(3) "373"
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      string(1) "8"
      ["titlu"]=>
      string(58) "The European Union Climate Neutrality and Climate Migrants"
      ["id_revista"]=>
      string(2) "38"
      ["rezumat"]=>
      string(1542) "Climate change, the European Union's goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and climate migrants are some concepts discussed and detailed in this article, starting with the climate change facing the entire planet, continuing with European Union's urgent need to take steps to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 so that we can finally address the category of climate migrants, another daunting challenge in the fight to stabilize the situation of migrants worldwide. To achieve the proposed objective, the research mainly followed the legislative measures adopted at international level, emphasizing the measures proposed within the European Union, but also the specialized literature, using at the same time a series of statistical data to highlight the immediate and future effects of climate change, identifying the most diverse challenges and answer/solutions that should be provided in the near future. We are certain that climate policy has played and will keep on playing a particularly important role in the policy of the European Union, but also of each nation state, we appreciate that it is difficult to determine whether the European Union is heading toward 2050 slowly but surely, establishing measures suitable for  attaining climate neutrality or, in contrast, we are witnessing a series of measures that support the fight against climate change but are not enough to ensure climate neutrality and are powerless against stopping the phenomenon of climate migration, which, in our opinion will become more and more visible."
      ["text"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["keyword"]=>
      string(83) "European Union Law, strategy, European Green Deal, refugees, changes, human rights."
      ["bibliografie"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pdf_rezumat"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["pdf_integral"]=>
      string(43) "Law-Review-nr-1-2021--Art--01__Marinica.pdf"
      ["link"]=>
      string(58) "the-european-union-climate-neutrality-and-climate-migrants"
      ["ordine"]=>
      string(4) "9999"
      ["activ"]=>
      string(1) "1"
      ["timestamp"]=>
      string(19) "2021-12-21 10:48:18"
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      ["autori"]=>
      array(1) {
        [0]=>
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          ["autor_id"]=>
          string(3) "253"
          ["autor_titulatura"]=>
          string(4) "Phd."
          ["autor_nume"]=>
          string(23) "Claudia Elena MARINICĂ"
          ["autor_institutia"]=>
          string(102) "Faculty of Public Administration, National University of Political and Administrative Studies, Romania"
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          string(23) "claudia-elena-marinica-"
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    object(stdClass)#41 (16) {
      ["id"]=>
      string(3) "380"
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      ["titlu"]=>
      string(61) "The Culture of Mediation in the Romanian Area. Past, Present,"
      ["id_revista"]=>
      string(2) "38"
      ["rezumat"]=>
      string(1627) "Mediation is and has been represented as an alternative to state justice through which a dispute between the parties is settled amicably. We meet it in antiquity starting with the Justinian Codification, then, on the Roman chain. Between IV-IX centuries, the Romanian legal practice reported that for resolving the disputes regarding the borders the oath was used with the furrow and the conspirators who testified to establish the facts and sometimes gave decisions through the trial procedure of good and old people and/or conspirators, situation which is being perceived as a similar procedure of mediation in resolving disputes outside the judiciary. Mediation has represented and represents an alternative for state justice that impartially solves a conflict between two parties. Mediation used to exist from the early times of the civilization, and in the form we see it nowadays appeared in Europe ‘90s through the American way, as through Directive CE / 52/2008 of the European Parliament, all the Member States needed to take steps in including the mediation in civil and commercial cases where issues appear most frequently related to the parties’ affiliation to different and cross-border legal systems. In Romania, the mediation institution operates based on Law no. 196/2006 in regards to mediation and mediator profession, and in the Republic of Moldova based on Law no. 137/2015in regards to mediation, and Law no. 31/2017 for the completion of C. proc. Civ. of the Republic of Moldova no. 225/2003 - chap. XIII1 "Judicial mediation", but at this moment the institution of mediation is in a vegetative state."
      ["text"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["keyword"]=>
      string(237) "conflict, reconciliation, dispute, litigation, amicable settlement, ADR, SOL, SAL, mediation, criminal mediation, mediation law, commercial mediation, family mediation, public institution, criminal law, civil law, mediator, lawyer, judge"
      ["bibliografie"]=>
      string(0) ""
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      string(0) ""
      ["pdf_integral"]=>
      string(46) "Law-Review-nr-1-2021--Art--07__Mihalescu_2.pdf"
      ["link"]=>
      string(58) "the-culture-of-mediation-in-the-romanian-area-past-present"
      ["ordine"]=>
      string(4) "9999"
      ["activ"]=>
      string(1) "1"
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      string(19) "2021-12-21 11:41:42"
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      array(1) {
        [0]=>
        object(stdClass)#48 (10) {
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          ["autor_id"]=>
          string(3) "373"
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          string(0) ""
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          string(20) "Constantin Mihalescu"
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          string(0) ""
          ["link"]=>
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          string(3) "100"
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      ["titlu"]=>
      string(67) "Some Considerations Regarding the Application of the EU Competition"
      ["id_revista"]=>
      string(2) "38"
      ["rezumat"]=>
      string(1587) "In the EU the concept of services of general economic interest covers different types of services with an economic nature, the provision of which can be considered to be in the general interest, such as energy supply, telecommunication, postal services, transport, water and waste management services. The Member States are primarily responsible for defining what they regard as services of general economic interest and will designate the public or private undertakings responsible for providing these types of services. The provisions of EU competition law will prevail over any other contrary national regulations and should be respected by all the public or private undertakings activating on the internal market. One of the most important exceptions from this general rule regards the provision of services of general economic interest. The EU primary law, confirmed by the jurisprudence of the EU Courts provides that EU competition rules do not apply when the proper provision of a service of general economic interest (SGEI) requires such a measure. The exact conditions in which the above-mentioned exception
applies in practice, were clarified by the ECJ case law. The article at hand defines the concept of services of general economic interest and the different related concepts, briefly presents the EU legislation applicable in the field, exemplifies the way EU competition rules find their applicability in the context of the provision of the mentioned services and presents some of the most important ECJ caselaw related to the provision of SGEI in the EU Member States."
      ["text"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["keyword"]=>
      string(142) "Public Law, services of general economic interest, services of general interest, competition law, public interest, public services, state aid."
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      string(0) ""
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      ["pdf_integral"]=>
      string(46) "Law-Review-nr-1-2021--Art--03__Lazar-Lazar.pdf"
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          string(2) "89"
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          string(10) "Ioan Lazar"
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          string(0) ""
          ["link"]=>
          string(10) "ioan-lazar"
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        [1]=>
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          string(3) "169"
          ["autor_titulatura"]=>
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          string(11) "Laura LAZAR"
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          string(0) ""
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      ["id"]=>
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      ["titlu"]=>
      string(60) "Are there any intervening creditors involved in garnishment?"
      ["id_revista"]=>
      string(2) "38"
      ["rezumat"]=>
      string(392) "Considering the way of regulating the procedure of intervention of other creditors in the forced execution phase, in the executive practice the question was raised if this is also incidental in the matter of garnishment. This article, through the arguments it contains, aims to answer this question and, at the same time, to explain the hypotheses of the occurrence of competing garnishments."
      ["text"]=>
      string(0) ""
      ["keyword"]=>
      string(105) "intervention, garnishment, intervention term, competing garnishments, connection, distribution procedure."
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      string(0) ""
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      ["pdf_integral"]=>
      string(43) "Law-Review-nr-1-2021--Art--05__Oprina_2.pdf"
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      ["ordine"]=>
      string(4) "9999"
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      string(1) "1"
      ["timestamp"]=>
      string(19) "2021-12-21 13:32:36"
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      array(1) {
        [0]=>
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                <option value="38">Volume XI, Issue 2, July-Decembre, posted at 21th of Decembre</option>
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    	<h1>The legal nature of over-taxation or surcharging</h1>
	    	    <p class="italic"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/authors/florea-oprea" title="Florea Oprea">Florea Oprea</a></p>
	        	        <p><p style="text-align: center;">Abstract</p>
<p>In this article, the author addresses the issue of the legal nature over taxation or surcharging within the national legislation of the European Union Member States, designing and comparing the various charges or taxes established under that name. To this effect, the analysis of certain similar notions such as the juridical or economic double taxation was sought, the author showing that over-taxation, unlike the latter, refers to additional tax on income acquired or assets owned by taxpayers who hold a privileged economic position. Comparative law and tax law of Romania regulate charges or levies like the &ldquo;Robin Hood tax&rdquo;, solidarity tax, wealth or property over-tax, over-tax on income from drug production.</p></p>
                        <p><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/fisiere/pdf/Suprataxare_Oprea.pdf" class="more">DOWNLOAD FULL ARTICLE <img src="https://internationallawreview.eu/pub/images/pdf.jpg" alt="pdf" /></a></p>    </div>

    <div class="tab_right">
            <h3>Volume XI, Issue 2, July-Decembre, posted at 21th of Decembre 2021</h3>   
        <div class="img_revista"><img src="https://internationallawreview.eu/fisiere/image/COPERTA---Law-Review_2.jpg" title="Volume XI, Issue 2, July-Decembre, posted at 21th of Decembre 2021" alt="COPERTA---Law-Review_2.jpg" /></div>

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    	<h1>Summary</h1>
    	
    	    	    	    	<p class="arrow hometitle">International Law</p>
    	
	    	    <p class="bullet"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/article/some-considerations-regarding-the-application-of-the-eu-competition" class="home_link" title="Some Considerations Regarding the Application of the EU Competition">Some Considerations Regarding the Application of the EU Competition</a></p>
	    	    <p class="italic left20"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/authors/ioan-lazar" class="home_link" title=" Ioan Lazar"> Ioan Lazar</a></p>
	    	    <p class="italic left20"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/authors/laura-lazar" class="home_link" title=" Laura LAZAR"> Laura LAZAR</a></p>
	    	    	    	    <p class="p_sep">&nbsp;</p>
	    	        	    	    	<p class="arrow hometitle">European Union Law</p>
    	
	    	    <p class="bullet"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/article/the-european-union-climate-neutrality-and-climate-migrants" class="home_link" title="The European Union Climate Neutrality and Climate Migrants">The European Union Climate Neutrality and Climate Migrants</a></p>
	    	    <p class="italic left20"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/authors/claudia-elena-marinica-" class="home_link" title=" Claudia Elena MARINICĂ"> Claudia Elena MARINICĂ</a></p>
	    	    	    	    <p class="p_sep">&nbsp;</p>
	    	        	    		        	    		        	    	    	<p class="arrow hometitle">Legal theory</p>
    	
	    	    <p class="bullet"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/article/are-there-any-intervening-creditors-involved-in-garnishment-" class="home_link" title="Are there any intervening creditors involved in garnishment?">Are there any intervening creditors involved in garnishment?</a></p>
	    	    <p class="italic left20"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/authors/evelina-oprina" class="home_link" title=" Evelina Oprina"> Evelina Oprina</a></p>
	    	    	    	    <p class="p_sep">&nbsp;</p>
	    	        	    	    	<p class="arrow hometitle">UE Law and Comparative Law</p>
    	
	    	    <p class="bullet"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/article/criminal-participation-in-the-form-of-complicity-in-the-offenses-of-tax" class="home_link" title="Criminal Participation in the Form of Complicity in the Offenses of Tax">Criminal Participation in the Form of Complicity in the Offenses of Tax</a></p>
	    	    <p class="italic left20"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/authors/bogdan-buneci" class="home_link" title=" Bogdan Buneci"> Bogdan Buneci</a></p>
	    	    	    	    <p class="bullet"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/article/the-legal-regime-of-competition-in-bulgaria" class="home_link" title="The Legal Regime of Competition in Bulgaria">The Legal Regime of Competition in Bulgaria</a></p>
	    	    <p class="italic left20"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/authors/ovidiu-horia-maican" class="home_link" title=" Ovidiu-Horia Maican"> Ovidiu-Horia Maican</a></p>
	    	    	    	    <p class="p_sep">&nbsp;</p>
	    	        	    		        	    		        	    		        	    		        	    	    	<p class="arrow hometitle">Articles (Studies, discussions, comments)</p>
    	
	    	    <p class="bullet"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/article/family-relations-in-the-light-of-romanian-funeral-laws" class="home_link" title="Family Relations in the Light of Romanian Funeral Laws">Family Relations in the Light of Romanian Funeral Laws</a></p>
	    	    <p class="italic left20"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/authors/silviu-dorin-schiopu" class="home_link" title=" Silviu-Dorin ŞCHIOPU"> Silviu-Dorin ŞCHIOPU</a></p>
	    	    <p class="spatiere_articole_home"></p>	    	    <p class="p_sep">&nbsp;</p>
	    	        	    		        	    		        	    		        	    	    	<p class="arrow hometitle">Environmental law</p>
    	
	    	    <p class="bullet"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/article/the-culture-of-mediation-in-the-romanian-area-past-present" class="home_link" title="The Culture of Mediation in the Romanian Area. Past, Present,">The Culture of Mediation in the Romanian Area. Past, Present,</a></p>
	    	    <p class="italic left20"><a href="https://internationallawreview.eu/authors/constantin-mihalescu" class="home_link" title=" Constantin Mihalescu"> Constantin Mihalescu</a></p>
	    	    	    	    <p class="p_sep">&nbsp;</p>
	    	        	    		        	    		        	    		        	
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